【Golang】程序通过服务的形式常驻后台

Author： Rehtt
发布时间：November 7, 2019
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Categories： Linux笔记 Golang Golang笔记

## 0x00
<div class="tip inlineBlock warning">

此教程只在Linux和Windows上试验过，Mac可自行实验
</div>
一般使用命令带`&`实现后台运行，或使用守护进程来实现后台运行。
其实golang自己也可以实现以服务的形式常驻后台。

### 需要的库
这里使用库:`github.com/kardianos/service`

其中`golang.org/x/...`的库国内很难下载，将`golang.org/x/`替换为`github.com/golang/`进行下载，最后将`github.com`->`golang`文件目录替换为`golang.org`->`x`文件目录即可。
### 接口定义
这个库有两个接口定义：
```golang
type Service interface {
	// Run should be called shortly after the program entry point.
	// After Interface.Stop has finished running, Run will stop blocking.
	// After Run stops blocking, the program must exit shortly after.
	Run() error

// Start signals to the OS service manager the given service should start.
	Start() error

// Stop signals to the OS service manager the given service should stop.
	Stop() error

// Restart signals to the OS service manager the given service should stop then start.
	Restart() error

// Install setups up the given service in the OS service manager. This may require
	// greater rights. Will return an error if it is already installed.
	Install() error

// Uninstall removes the given service from the OS service manager. This may require
	// greater rights. Will return an error if the service is not present.
	Uninstall() error

// Opens and returns a system logger. If the user program is running
	// interactively rather then as a service, the returned logger will write to
	// os.Stderr. If errs is non-nil errors will be sent on errs as well as
	// returned from Logger's functions.
	Logger(errs chan<- error) (Logger, error)

// SystemLogger opens and returns a system logger. If errs is non-nil errors
	// will be sent on errs as well as returned from Logger's functions.
	SystemLogger(errs chan<- error) (Logger, error)

// String displays the name of the service. The display name if present,
	// otherwise the name.
	String() string
}
```
```golang
type Interface interface {
	// Start provides a place to initiate the service. The service doesn't not
	// signal a completed start until after this function returns, so the
	// Start function must not take more then a few seconds at most.
	Start(s Service) error

// Stop provides a place to clean up program execution before it is terminated.
	// It should not take more then a few seconds to execute.
	// Stop should not call os.Exit directly in the function.
	Stop(s Service) error
}
```

这里只需实现`start`和`stop`接口就行

## 0x01 简单实例
```golang
type program struct{}
func (p *program) Start(s service.Service) error {
    log.Println("开始服务")
    go p.run()
    return nil
}
func (p *program) Stop(s service.Service) error {
    log.Println("停止服务")
    return nil
}
func (p *program) run() {
    // 这里放置程序要执行的代码……
}

func main(){
//服务初始化
    //服务的配置信息
    cfg := &service.Config{
        Name:        "simple",
        DisplayName: "a simple service",
        Description: "This is an example Go service.",
    }
    // Interface 接口
    prg := &program{}
    // 构建服务对象
    s, err := service.New(prg, cfg)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    // logger 用于记录系统日志
    logger, err := s.Logger(nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    if len(os.Args) == 2 { //如果有命令则执行
        err = service.Control(s, os.Args[1])
        if err != nil {
            log.Fatal(err)
        }
    } else { //否则说明是方法启动了
        err = s.Run()
        if err != nil {
            logger.Error(err)
        }
    }
    if err != nil {
        logger.Error(err)
    }
}
```

Last modification：November 7, 2019

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【Golang】程序通过服务的形式常驻后台

Rehtt • 2019 年 11 月 07 日

## 0x00
<div class="tip inlineBlock warning">

### 需要的库
这里使用库:`github.com/kardianos/service`

// Start signals to the OS service manager the given service should start.
	Start() error

// Stop signals to the OS service manager the given service should stop.
	Stop() error

// Restart signals to the OS service manager the given service should stop then start.
	Restart() error

// Install setups up the given service in the OS service manager. This may require
	// greater rights. Will return an error if it is already installed.
	Install() error

// Uninstall removes the given service from the OS service manager. This may require
	// greater rights. Will return an error if the service is not present.
	Uninstall() error

// SystemLogger opens and returns a system logger. If errs is non-nil errors
	// will be sent on errs as well as returned from Logger's functions.
	SystemLogger(errs chan<- error) (Logger, error)

这里只需实现`start`和`stop`接口就行

【Golang】程序通过服务的形式常驻后台

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【Golang】程序通过服务的形式常驻后台

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【Golang】程序通过服务的形式常驻后台

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